fuck i cannot believe it!
okay im not gona lie anymore! no more no more!!!
the ruler is straight! metal ruler, cannot bend, hard to bend, will not bend la!
tao nao pai ki si bo. already rejected right. still talk simi sai, and i hate all the sisters brothers gans and all the shit!
yuck! so gross! im v irritated right now na na na~
no choice, i have to go the hard way. cos i turn turn turn u also wont get it, so straight to the point yo. your first time? i dont care. cos im straight.
yea man, and the only person who dosent annoys me by flooding my inbo is happiness. pls uh, u also mei you ta de mei li for me to be not straight. too bad.hint you to dont say alr u wana say one wor, not my fault. awkward jiu awkward, i dont really click with juniors anyway.

SDBF2011
yes, we lost the real polite, we only won by mili seconds and its not the tp team that we raced with during polite. we shall all get it back ya? whats done cannot be undone, we cannot turn back time. thats it, train harder, fight tougher and gain victory. LAI~

now that im used to trainings, i injured myself again.
:/ it will recover.
i dun mind waiting for you until late becos i wanna see you longer.
i dun mind all though bastard stuff cos that shows how close we are.
but how long ca this last? we are so close because of these consecutive trainings. but what will happen when school reopens? same GEMs however different class. why do i feel the fear of loosing you?

tired. how long can i last?
knee injury..:(
i dun wana give up, but sometimes i wana hide from trainings.
im struggling to balance my life and training, but training is in my life now.
mentally tired.

PROPERTIES OF GLASS

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

-brittle

-completely elastic to its ultimate tensile strength

-will fail at low stress due to presence of microscopic surface cracks

OPTICAL PROPERTIES

-transparent

-can be treated in different ways to reflect and absorb different degree of light

-tinted glass absorb more light than clear

-reflective coated glass reflects large portion of glass depending on the nature of coat , colour and thickness

THERMAL PROPERTIES

-solar gain through glass heats up inside of building

-cause running cost for aircons and heat loads

-different types of glass implemented such as insulating glass, reflective glass and tinted glass.

TYPES OPF NON-SAFETY GLASS

CLEAR SHEET GLASS

-used for normal glazing

-relative good quality with low cost

-smooth, hard finish and scratch resistant

-lack of superior quality of plate and float glasses

-lower quality sheet glass made by drawing upwards molten glass, a thin sheet

-cooled, rising sheet solidifies, then cut

-both surface less parallel

-lower quality of float glass

PLATE GLASS

-grounded and polished after drawn from furnace

-glass then pass through grinding unit

-polished smooth and parallel before cut

FLOAT GLASS

-has nearly optically true surfaced that is fire polished

-interchangable with plate glass for most application

-plate and float glass is stronger

-use in higher quality situations

-eg. showcase

SAFETY GLASS

TEMPERED GLASS

-heating regualr annealed glass almost until melting point and chilled rapidly

-thin skin of glass produced at both sides

-under high compression, places centre of glass in high tension

-tempered glass 3-5 times stronger

-breakable

-thin outer skin is pierced, glass shatters

-into small pebble like pieces

-safer than original glass

-must be cut before tempering

LAMINATED GLASS

-2 or more sheets of class stucked together with polyvinyl butral plastic between them

-binded under heat and pressure

-when broken, glass will adhere into plastic inter-layer without evacuating

-minimise cutting injury and hazards

-entrance door , interior partitions

WIRED GLASS

-metal wire mesh placed into centre of glass thickness during manufacturing

-glass pieces cling to wire when broken

-minimise flying of glass and injuries

-remain in one place even though cracked by excessive heat

SPECIAL GLASS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

PATTERNED GLASS

-obscured optical properties

-insert patterns to glass

-allow differnt degrees of light transmission

-large range of patterns
-privacy use

-should be tempered for safety

INSULATED GLASS

-factory produced

-air tight unit consist of 2 layers of glass with a dehydrated air space in between

-protect window areas

-reduce heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer

-used in residental and commercial buildings

TINTED GLASS

-reduce soloar heat

-cut down glare

-to provide useful atmosphere

-grey and bronze tint

-windows, sliding glass doors, lirabries

REFLECTIVE COAT GLASS

-coated with thin layer of metallic-films

-reflect sunray

-reduce solar heat

-reduce aircon system cost

-grey, blue silver gold bronze

GLASS BLOCKS

-manufactured in two seperated halves

-heat sealed to form hollow unit

-with good thermal efficiency and sound insulation

-functional and directional

-functional: to diffuse/direct light that passes through them

-illuminates interior of building

-decorative: ability to control an overall design plan

-not intended to use as major control of daylight

SELECTION OF CARPET


USAGE AND LOCATION
-high traffic area?
-more remote location
-exposed directly to sunlight?
-natural ebvironment?
-manufacturer used numbers to rate
-2,3 less used areas
-4,5 best choice for heavy usage

COLOURS
-personal choice
-certain rules of thumb that apply tto most situation

TEXTURES AND PATTERN
-depending on client's requirement
-many looks and styles
-offers fashion appeal and distinctive styling
-hides soil and vacuum marks

TYPES OF FIBRES
1. NYLON
- wear resistant
-brilliant colour
-resilient
-solution-dyed nylon has colour added during fibre production, making it more colour fast
-used for all traffic areas
-stain resistant

2.ACRYLIC
-offers appearance and feel of wool without cost
-low static level
-moisture resistant
-for level loop and velvet construction

3.OLEFIN
-strong fibre
-resistant to static electricity
-resistant to moisture
-resistant to wear and permanent stain
-easily cleaned
-colour for colourfastness
-used indoors and outdoors

4.POLYESTER
-excellent clour clarity and retention
-moisture resistant
-noted for luxurious, "soft hand" when used in thick, cut-pile textues
-easily cleaned
-resistant to water soluble stain

5.WOOL
-noted for luxury and performance
-many colours
-high bulk
-soft
-more expensive than syntetic fibres

TYPES OF CARPET TEXTURES
1.FRIZE
-pebbly appearance
-with tightly twisted well defined yarns
-for crucial performance

2.LEVEL LOOP
-stitches of yarns
-like a hooked rug with equal height loops
-crucial performance

3. CUT AND LOOP
-plush and loop pile
-varnishes in pile height
-shearing of yarns caused unusual effects
-used in many areas
-not for formal setting



4. SAXONY
-plush look alike surface
-twisted in the yarns for durability
-gives wool like luster
-for luxury, top performance

5.VELVET PLUSH
-plush finish with yarn twisted
-breaks smooth surface lush aka tailored plush
-luxury objective

6.BERBER
-loop pile runs in parallel lines
-rugged surface gives wool like appearance
-durable, stain resistant
-hides dirt, footprints and other tracks
-some constructed in multilevel loops
-create patterns and other effect
-available in most carpet fibres
-available in cut pile
-luxurious feeling of thick pile carpeting


MANUFACTURING OF CARPET
1.TUFTED
-machine method
-inserting large loops or stitches to backing material
-liquid latex added after that
-to firmly lock loops
-height of loops adjustable for requirements
-knife used in conjunction with loops to create cut pile carpet
-fastest way
-most economic way
-cheaper than woven carpet

2.WOVEN
-popular method
-interlacing filling yarns
-with warp yarns
-different techniques gives different appearance
-weaving techniques: wilton, axminster, velvet

3.NEEDLE PUNCHING
-punching pile fibres
-into loosely woven carrier fabric
-using barbed needle
-made with pre-dyed polypropylene
-in smooth flat surface
-backed with latex or latex foam
-available in tiles

PROPERTIES OF CEREMIC


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
-stable over long period of time
-more resistant to corrosion
-generally do not react with acid, alkalines, gases, liquids
-high melting point
-can be heated up to its boiling point

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
-strong, resilient, resistant to temperature
-bend strength determines strngth of ceremic
-considerable stifffness under compression and pressure
-one of stronger ceremic: zirconium dioxide
-bend strength comarable to steel
-zirconias retain temperature up to 900 degrees
-silicon carbide and silicon nitrate retain up to 1400 degrees
-used for gas-turbine engines
-brittle, breaks when dropped, break when heated and cooled quickly

-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
-extremely srong
-light metals as strong as heavier metal parts
-less dense then semimetal
resist wear and abrasion
-alumionium oxide and silicon carbide are extremely hard
-used to cut, sand, grind, polish metals and other materials
-one of the hardest material: diamond made from carbon

THERMAL PROPERTIES
-high melting point
-resist deformation and retain strength under high temperature
-sudden and large temperature change weaken ceremic
-silicon nitrate and silicon carbide expand more and contract less under high temperature than other ceremics
-used to make rotors of jet planes
-can withstand great vibrations in temperature

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
-chromium dioxide conducts electricity
-aluminium oxides does not conduct
-act as insulator
some ceremics do not conduct well, act as semi conductors
-conduct electricity more than insulators
-porcelain: act as insulator at low temperature and conducts electricity at high temperature

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
-ceremics containing iron oxides are called ferrites
-has magnetic properties comparable to nickel and iron
-other nmagnetic ceremics contain oxides of barium, maganise, nickel
-used in motors and electric circuit
-can be manufactured with high resistant to demagnetized